Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms resist quantum computer attacks. NIST standardized CRYSTALS-Kyber (key encapsulation) and CRYSTALS-Dilithium (signatures) in 2024.
Quantum computers (Shor's algorithm) will break RSA and ECC when they mature. "Harvest now, decrypt later" attacks are storing today's encrypted traffic for future decryption. Begin migration planning — crypto-agile systems can swap algorithms without full redesign.